
Collec© of California 
Articles of Agreement 

of the 

Honiesteao Association • 
San Francisco 1865 





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\RTICLES OF AGREEMENT, 



TOGETHER WITH 



]M^PS ^ND REPORTS. 



ORGANIZED, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864. 



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COLLEGE OF CALIFORNIA. 



AEIICLES OF AGREEMENT 

OF THE 

" 'homestead ASSOCIATION: 



TOGETHER WITH 



B Y THE ENGINEEK. 



AND A SERrES OF 



COLLEOE PA^I^ERS, 



S. H. WILLEY, 

COLLEGE OF CALIFORKIA. 



J-uft.lSTTJ-A.Pl'S' 16, 1865. 



•5 SAN FRANCISCO: 

PBINTED BY TOWNE AND BACON, 

1865. 



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OFFICERS. 



President. 

WILLIAM SHERMAN. 

Secretary. 

T. B. BiaELOW. 

Treasurer. 

W. C. RALSTON. 

Trustees. 
WILLIAM SHERMAN, Rev. E. B. WALSWORTH, 

JOHN W. DWINELLE, CYRUS PALMER, 

L. B. BENCHLEY, IRA P. RANKIN, 

T. B. BIGELOW. 



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ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION. 



State of California, "> 

Citj and County of San Francisco. ) 

This indenture made and entered into this, the first day of Septem- 
ber, A.D, 1864, witnesseth : That whereas, the undersigned, being de- 
sirous of securing the benefits that may be derived from an act of the 
Legislature of said State above named, entitled " An Act to authorize 
the formation of Corporations to provide the members thereof with 
Homesteads, or lots of land, suitable for Homesteads," approved May 
the 20th, 1801 ; and the acts amendatory thereof, and supplementary 
thereto ; and having filed our certificate of incorporation, pursuant to 
said act, in the ofiice of the County Clerk, in and for the City and 
County of San Francisco, have formed, and by these presents do form, 
ourselves into a Joint Stock Company, or Association. And to enable 
said company or association to accomplish the object for which it is 
created, we, the undersigned, do each for himself, his heirs, executors, 
administrators, and assigns, covenant, promise, and agree to and with 
all other subscribers hereto, their and each of their heirs, executors, 
administrators, and assigns, and to and with the College Homestead 
Association hereinafter named, by these presents do covenant, promise, 
and agree as follows, to wit : 

First. We agree that this corporation shall be called and known as 
the " College Homestead Association." 

Second. The place of business, or office, of this association shall be 
in the City and County of San Francisco. 

Third. The capital stock of this association shall be the sum of 
sixty-two thousand five hundred dollars, divided into one hundred and 
twenty-five shares, of five hundred dollars each. 



Fourth. This corporation shall continue in existence for the term of 
five years, from and after the filing of the certificate as above stated. 

Fifth. Each person taking a share or shares of stock in this Asso- 
ciation, shall sign this indenture, and pay into the treasury the sum of 
five dollars on each share as an initiation fee, to form a fund for defray- 
ing the current expenses of this Association, and twenty-five dollars 
per month payable monthly in advance, on the t"wenty-fifth of each 
month — commencing on August 25th, 1864 — in gold coin of the United 
States of America, and for each and every month thereafter, until the 
sum of five hundred dollars is fully paid upon each and every share so 
taken and subscribed for, and shall hold said share or shares subject to 
all the conditions and provisions herein contained. And should any 
person subscribe to the capital stock after the expiration of the first 
month of the existence hereof, he shall pay the same rate for whatever 
time may have expired previous thereto. In addition also for the pay- 
ments provided for above, the trustees are at liberty at any time before 
the distribution of lots among the members of the Association, to lay 
an additional assessment not to exceed the sum of twenty-five dollars 
on each share of stock, the amount of such assessment to be expended 
by the trustees in grading streets, setting out trees, or otherwise im- 
proving the public grounds conveyed to the Association. 

Sixth. Certificates of stock, transferable by indorsement, shall be 
issued to the owners, or subscribers of shares — the said certificates to 
express upon their face, that the stock is held subject to all installments 
and assessments, and any number of shares not exceeding five may be 
included in one certificate ; and in the election of ofiicers, and all busi- 
ness that may be transacted at the regular meetings of the Association, 
each share of stock represented shall be entitled to one vote ; and 
stockholders may be represented at such meeting by written proxy, 
provided that no person other than a member shall be allowed to hold 
the same. 

Seventh. If, pursuant to the provisions of an act entitled " An Act 
to authorize the formation of Corporations to provide the members 
thereof with Homesteads, or lots of land suitable for Homesteads," 
approved May 20th, 1861, and of the act amendatory thereof, and 
supplementary thereto, approved April 4th, 1864, the Board of Trustees 
of said Homestead Association shall declare the share or shares of any 
member forfeited, for the nonpayment of any assessments or install- 
ments due thereon, then, in that case, the notice of the sale thereof 
may be published in some daily newspaper published in the City and 



9 

County of San Francisco. And it is expressly understood that the 
interest such member may have in the Homestead Fund, and in all 
lands and improvements, or other property held in common, by the 
Association, shall follow said share, and with the share be placed to 
the credit of the person making the purchase ; and the number of 
shares held by a member, shall be no bar to a purchase at such sale. 
All moneys received from the sale of shares as thus provided, in excess 
of the amount due upon the same to the Association and the expenses 
of advertising and sale, shall be paid to the party entitled to receive 
them, upon his or her tendering for cancellation the original certificate 
of stock held by him or her. The certificate of the Secretary that any 
notice has been served upon the stockholder, shall be prima facie evi- 
dence of such service, and of the time thereof. Such service may be 
made through the Post Office at San Francisco. The entries made by 
the Secretary in the books of the Society, shall be prima facie evi- 
dence of the matters to which they relate in any controversy between 
the society, or any of its officers, and any members. 

Eighth. The lands to be distributed to the members of this Associa- 
tion are a portion of a tract, belonging to the College of California, in 
the township of Oakland, contiguous to the College site ; which said 
lands the trustees of said corporation have agreed to convey to this 
Association, upon certain conditions, as set forth in an indenture made 
and entered into between said trustees and the trustees of said Associ- 
ation, bearing date September 1st, 1864 ; and all shares in this Asso- 
ciation are subscribed for and held subject, in all respects, to the terms 
and provisions of said indenture, which, in all its particulars, is hereby 
ratified and confirmed. 

Ninth. The officers of this Association shall be a President, who 
shall be chosen by the Trustees, from their own number ; a Secretary 
and Treasurer; and said Board of Trustees shall consist of seven 
members, who shall hold stock in their own names, and who shall be 
chosen by the stockholders, by ballot, at the regular annual meeting, 
which shall be held on the first Monday in December of each and 
every year, and hold office for one year, or until their successors may 
be chosen. 

The duties of the aforesaid named officers shall be the usual duties 
attached to their offices respectively. 

A majority of the Board of Trustees shall form a quorum for the 
transaction of business. 

Vacancies in the Board shall be filled for the remainder of the term 
by the remaining Trustees. 



10 

All expenditures shall be subject to the approval of the Board of 
Trustees ; but current incidental expenses may be paid by the Presi- 
dent and Secretary in anticipation of such approval. 

Tenth. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive all moneys 
of the Association. The sums received for initiation fees, as provided 
in Article 5th, he shall hold as a fund to meet contingent expenses, 
until otherwise disposed of, by order of the Trustees ; and the sums 
received from time to time in payment for shares shall be immediately 
paid over to the Trustees of the College of California, proper vouchers 
being taken for the same, in accordance with the terms of the indenture 
referred to in Article 8th. 

The Secretary shall keep regular books showing all the proceedings 
the receipts and disbursements of the Association, which said books 
shall at all times be open to the inspection of stockholders. 

Eleventh. Stockholders' meetings shall be held on special notice, 
whenever deemed necessary by a majority of the Board of Trustees, 
or whenever requested by fifty stockholders in writing. 

Twelfth. In all cases where notices are required by these articles 
or by the indenture herein referred to, the afiidavit of the printer or 
publisher of the newspaper in which the notice is published, or of his 
principal clerk, or of the Secretary of the Association, made before a 
Notary Public, and certified by him, shall be prima facie evidence of 
the pu')lication and service of each notice, if therein stated to have 
been made as required by these articles or said indenture in the respec- 
tive matter. 

Thirteenth. These Articles of Association may be amended at any 
regular or special meeting of the Association by a majority vote of all 
the shares, in any particulars not conflicting with the terms of the 
indenture hereinbefore referred to. 

And for value received, each of the undersigned does hereby sev- 
erally covenant and agree with the said " College Homestead Associa- 
tion," that he will subscribe, and by these presents does subscribe for 
stock in the said Association, and for a share and shares therein, to the 
number and amount which are evidenced by his subscription hereto, 
subject to the terms and conditions of these Articles, and of the said 
indenture in these Articles referred to and made a part hereof, and will 
pay the said assessments, installments, and deposits, and each and 
every of them as the same may become due and payable in the prem- 
ises, in current gold coin of the United States of America. 



WATER REPORT. 



To the Trustees of the College of California : 

Gentlemen — In g^cordance with the instructions of the Vice Pres- 
ident of the College, I have made examination of the location of the 
grounds of the College of California and adjacent lands, with particular 
respect to their supplying, either by natural springs or by concentration 
of surface drainage, a sufficient quantity of water for the prospective 
wants of the College, and for such dwellings as may from time to time 
be erected upon that portion of the grounds offered for sale. 

I examined the grounds early in October of this year, and upon the 
twenty-sixth of same month reexamined the springs, and with the assist- 
ance of your Engineer, Mr. Whitcher, measured their flow accurately.* 

For the various springs the results were as follows, the numbers re- 
ferring to the accompanying sketch : 

No. 1 (a) 4,130 U. S. gallons in twenty-four hours. 

No. 2 709 " " 

No. 3 798 " " 

No. 4 253 " " 

No. 5 1,187 " " 

No. 6 709 " " 

No. 7 4,130 " " 

Total flow College land springs . . 1 1,916 " " 

No. 1 (b) 2,700 " " 

No. 8 461 " " 

No. 9 297 " " 

No. l{b) is No. 1 measured near outlet. 
No. 8 and No. 9 go to make up No. 7. 

* The measurement was made by taking the flow over weirs of the form used by 
Mr. Francis, of Lowell, Mass., and calculation was made by his formula. See 
"Lowell Hydraulic Experiments," Art. 158, p. 119. 



12 

In addition to the springs upon the lands of the College, the College 
has control also of certain springs lying in the main ravine, north of 
their lands, known as the Heywood Springs. These were measured 
by ]VIr. Whitcher, and the flow calculated by me, give as follows : 
(measurement made Nov. 6, 1864.) 

Most northerly 30,381 U. S. gallons in twenty-four hours. 

Most southerly 29,031 " '\ 

The stream passing to the south, which 

could be taken in on the way 31,860 " " 

Total flow Heywood Springs 91,271 " " 

I am led as a result of my examinations to the following conclusions 

1. That the flow of the springs of your own lands, at the time they 
were measured, which, in view of the two past dry seasons, may be re- 
garded as a minimum which may be never again reached, is sufiicient 
for the ordinary household uses of four hundred persons, (allowing 
nearly thirty gallons per day per inhabitant ;) and that in ordinary sea- 
sons it would supply three or four times that number. 

2. That by damming up the main ravine above the milk ranch, thus 
husbanding the winter flow of the streams for use in summer, a farther 
quantity of water may be secured, equal to the reasonable uses of eight 
to ten thousand persons, in average years, and two thousand five hun- 
dred to three thousand persons in dry years. 

3. That the supply may be still further increased by damming across 
the main ravine, below the milk ranch, and bringing in the water so 
collected by a separate system to a reservoir at the College, should it 
ever be required by extraordinary increase in the demand. 

4. That the " Heywood " Springs, lying at a much greater distance 
from the proposed site of the College buildings than the springs of your 
own lands, can, like the surface drainage of the main ravine, be held in 
reserve for the increasing wants of the Institution, to be brought in by 
an independent system, at some future time, their capacity being nearly 
or quite equal to all the other soui'ces of water available to you. 

5. That in view of the above, the first water supply for the College 
grounds should be taken fi'om the springs on your own lands, conduct- 
ing the flow of all (excepting No. 1) into a central collecting reservoir, 
near the milk ranch, located on the favorable gently sloping ground 
there. 



13 

The concentration will be effected by small cast iron pipes. A larger 
pipe will run from this collecting reservoir (receiving on its way a 
branch pipe from spring No. 1) to a point on the rising ground near 
the College, at an elevation from one hundred to one hundred and fifty 
feet higher than the proposed base of the buildings. 

There a reservoir should be constructed in earth work, lined with 
brick and cement, and containing not less than 100,000 gallons of 
water, and connected by a pipe, not less than six inches diameter, 
directly with the buildings and immediately contiguous grounds of the 
colleges, with branch pipes for fire hydrants, and smaller pipes for all 
the interior and exterior uses of the establishment. 

As the wants of the college increase, a dam should be thrown across 
the ravine near the milk ranch, but higher than the collecting reser- 
voir, above-mentioned, and the water therein impounded used to re- 
plenish the first constructed reservoir as needed. 

The dam should be so built, with broad base, as to admit of an in- 
crease in height as the dejpand for water increases. 

The adoption of this plan will render it unnecessary to expend upon 
the works, at first, more capital that its immediate wants demand, and 
will yet allow additions, which, thoroughly made as required, will not 
during their construction interrupt the efficiency of work already com- 
pleted ; and when finished will give you a complete system of sup- 
ply, adequate to all your wants for at least the present century. 

Respectfully submitted. 

C. W. BOYNTON, 

Civil Engineer. 
San Francisco, Dec. 22d, 1864 



COLLEGE PAPERS 



By S. H. WILLEY. 

Paper No. I. 

WHERE A COLLEGE SHOULD BE LOCATED. 

It is a matter of the highest importance that a College should be 
rightly locatetl. It is one of the choicest and most costly possessions 
of the State, and therefore it should be situated in the midst of the 
very best natural advantages which the State affords. This matter 
should be well considered in the beginning. A mistake in locating 
such an institution cannot be remedied. Where it is put, where its 
permanent buildings are erected, where public sympathy is first drawn 
to it, there is its home, and there it must remain. All succeeding gen- 
erations will enjoy the advantage of a wise selection in this particular, 
or, if the choice is unfortunate, they will never cease to regret it. Its 
students, especially, and those immediately connected with it, must 
suffer the loss, down to the latest years. And in this particular State, 
the matter of the location of such an institution, is of more importance 
to its value and usefulness than it would be in other States. 

On the Atlantic slope, the climate of one portion of a State is essen- 
tially the climate of the whole. In this State, the distance of only a 
few miles often separates climates widely different. Here, there is the 
amplest room for choice, and to overlook this fact now, would be to lay 
the foundation for unavailing regret hereafter. 

And this leads to the remark that the first thing to be considered in 
fixing the location of a College, should be Climate. The very best, 
the most healthful and invigorating should be sought. It should be 
that in which there is the utmost freedom for open-air exercise, the 
whole year round, where mental exertion is at no time hindered by 
extreme heat. With us, it is obvious at once, that such a climate 
would be sought in vain within the limits of our interior valleys or 
plains. If any higher mountain region fulfills the requisite conditions 
of climate, it must be open to the objection of remoteness, and be ruled 



16 

out on that ground. The search must be confined practically, there- 
fore to the coast, and the spot must be found somewhere within its 
evenly-tempered air. 

And here, also, several important considerations should guide the 
choice. 

The first is the force of the summer wind. During the long 
months of our dry season, the cold currents come sweeping from the 
ocean daily. They cool the whole air. But there are spots where 
those currents blow with great violence. There the country is much 
of the time bleak and dreary. Shade and ornamental trees cannot be 
grown. Delicate fruits and flowers are blighted. Out-of-door life 
cannot, in the windy periods of the day, be enjoyed. There is not 
much pleasure in sauntering through one's grounds, though there may 
be much that is beautiful about them, if you must be wrapped in win- 
ter shawl or overcoat, in order to be comfortable. Green grass and 
flowers, and foliage wet with jets of refreshing water playing upon 
them, are all very attractive, but if the wind is daily blowing a gale, 
while the sky is overcast with clouds and fogs, they hardly bring you 
out of doors. 

There is no need of being guilty of the unpardonable error of put- 
ting an institution of learning into the midst of perpetual disadvantages 
like these. Seek further. These cold wind-currents do not extend a 
great way. They are broken by the natural configuration of the coun- 
try, or they are lifted off by the lofty elevations of the coast range of 
mountains. Search till you find a sheltered region, where the sun 
shines warm and cheering, where the trees, all standing erect and sym- 
metrical, bear a silent, but sure testimony to the absence of the wind- 
current. There you may plant and rear what you will, the vine, the 
fig, the pomegranite, and even the orange, together wiih the hardier 
fruits of colder regions. There you may surround yourself with per- 
petual verdure and ever-blooming flowers, and be able at all hours of 
the day to be in the open air, among them, without discomfort from 
the temperature. Morning and evening alike, you may enjoy the fruit 
of your cultivation, and your children may do the same without fear of 
coughs and colds. 

It will be shown more and more by experience that such locations 
are to be found along the western base of the coast range, and at an 
elevation of one or two hundred feet above the level of the bay. It is 
not so well understood now, but the experience of many who have tried 
different locations of residence proves it, and in a very few years it will 
come to be generally acknowledged. It is a • subject well worthy of ' 



17 

attention. Where shall I build me a country residence ? is a practical 
question with many now, and it soon will be with multitudes. It is a 
great thing to know where the healthful qualities of our ocean breezes 
can be enjoyed without experiencing their chilling currents, or their 
accompanying fogs. 

Such locations can be found, as above indicated, and the time is not 
far distant when they will be held in very high esteem. Such a spot 
should be chosen as the location of a College, where air, pure, abun- 
dant and temperate, will give vigor to the body, and consequent clear- 
ness and elasticity to the mind. 

The next thing to be considered in choosing the place for the College, 
should be accessibleness. It should be near the great city, and yet 
not in it. It should be near enough to enjoy its advantages without 
being subject to its disturbance, or exposed to easy contact with its 
vices. The advantages of a city are its libraries, its works of art, its 
scientific and literary lectures, its larger society of refined and culti- 
vated people. Something of the spirit and life of a city may be im- 
bibed with advantage by students while they are pursuing the studies 
of College. These advantages may be enjoyed by placing a College 
near to the city, without incurring the disadvantages of being in it. 
These disadvantages are such that all past experience in our country 
is against placing Colleges in cities. They should be avoided by locat- 
ing such an institution in retirement, while at the same time it should 
be in close contact with the living world, and near the center of the 
great traveled thoroughfares of the country. 

Furthermore, a College should be situated in the midst of choice 
SCENERY. It is of far greater importance than is usually thought, 
amidst what scenery a scholar passes the four impressible years of his 
College life. The influence of home-scenery upon the minds and 
characters of children is conceded to be great, and so especially is that 
which surrounds them in the place of their education. During no 
period of life can this delicate and ennobling influence be secured with 
more advantage than in years of College life. It is a period when all 
such influences are especially influential, and to overlook them would 
be unpardonable. Let the College be placed in the midst of scenery 
extensive and beautiful, and if possible, even grand. Put the CoUeoe 
where nature in its forms of grandeur and scenes of beauty conspire 
to enlarge the mind and refine the taste of the scholar, and the result 
will be salutary throughout all time. 

In a climate like ours, a College ought, also if possible, to enjoy the 
B 



18 

advantage of a flowing stream of water. Good wells may be a substi- 
tute where the water is elevated and distributed by artificial means, but 
in the long run this involves great trouble and expense, while at the 
same time the supply is necessarily limited. On the other hand, a 
running stream, though at some seasons it may be small, is of priceless 
value. It is fortunate if its sources are situated at such an elevation 
that enough pressure may be had at the place of distribution to throw 
it in jets, freely about buildings and grounds, whenever it is wanted. 
By this means perpetual verdure may be enjoyed all the year, dust 
may be avoided in streets and about buildings, water may be distributed 
throughout all apartments where it is wanted, and almost complete secu- 
rity may be enjoyed against fire, all that is disagreeable in our dry 
season may be avoided, and grass, flowers, trees and fruits may be 
thriving perpetually. Eden would not have been paradise without its 
rivers, nor can there be a landscape of perpetual beauty without the 
presence of flowing water. 

These, certainly, are some of the leading considerations that should 
be had preeminently in view, in deciding upon the location of a College 
in this State. 



Paper No. II. 

LOCATION OF THE COLLEGE OE CALIFORNIA. 

The Trustees of the College of California have, ever since their 
incorporation, taken a deep interest in the question of the permanent 
location of the Institution. They early set on foot extensive explora- 
tions, and made thorough search before fixing upon the spot. No small 
part of the years 1856 and 1857 were given to the work. By com- 
mittees and otherwise, they examined the choicest localities around the 
bay of San Francisco. They visited San Jose, San Jose Mission, 
Sufiiole Talley, the most attractive spots along the bayward slope of 
the coast range up to Martinez. They looked carefully around Beni- 
cia, examined thoroughly Napa Valley, also Sonoma valley, and Peia- 
luma. They found many situations of great beauty and choice ad- 
vantages. But after examining and comparing all, the spot combining 
the greatest number of excellencies, was the one a few miles north-west 
of the City of Oakland. The number of fine points found here is re- 
markable. It is conspicuous, lying right in view of the Golden Gate. 
Built there, the College will be one of the first objects to greet the 
voyager coming to our shores. The spot is elevated, rising from two 
to three hundred feet above the level of th^ bay, terminating eastward 



19 

in the hills that constitute the western wall of the coast range. Seen 
from the bay as you enter the harbor, as you cross the ferries, or as 
you pass northward toward Benicia, it stands out prominent and dis- 
tinguishable from the surrounding country. But the view which you 
get from the ground itself is unsurpassed in extent, variety and beauty. 
Looking thence, the eye rests, first upon the plain below, divided into 
cultivated fields and gardens, and adorned with pleasant homes. 
Southward lie the forests of living green, the oaks of Oakland and Ala- 
meda. Far northward and southward stretches the beautiful Bay of 
San Francisco, famous among all the waters of the world. There are 
ships coming in from their long voyages, which fold their white wings 
and drop anchor ; others pass them, spreading sail for long months of 
ocean life, bound to India, China, or the Pacific Islands, or perhaps 
New York or Liverpool. Others ride at anchor in the stream ; there 
to-day, gone to-morrow ; while the smaller craft glide hither and 
thither in every direction. Now comes a great ocean steamship, with 
passengers, freight, and mails, twenty-three days from New York, while 
another passes out, bound to Oregon, loaded to its utmost capacity 
with adventurers and goods for Idaho. Another comes in with treas- 
ure from Mexico and Lower California, followed perhaps, by another 
still, from Los Angeles and the ports of our own lower coast. There 
are the ferry boats, all the time threading their way to and from San 
Francisco, delivering their freight and passengers to the railway trains 
awaiting, when lo ! the trains are off, darting swiftly through the val- 
ley. There, too, in the afternoon, go the river boats, palaces of luxury, 
bound up the country, freighted with the great trade of the interior. 

Across the bay, and looking down upon it from the opposite side, is 
the City of San Francisco, the metropolis of the West, soon to be one 
of the great cities of the world. Yonder is Alcatraz, right in front of 
the Golden Gate, bristling with guns, keeping guard at the great har- 
bor's entrance. Beyond all, rises that peninsular mountain range, the 
seeming defense of our bay and country from the encroachments of the 
Pacific. The view begins far to the left, southward near New Alma- 
den. The mountain horizon line sweeps up past Santa Clara, San 
Mateo, and behind San Francisco, declining as it nears the Golden 
Gate, and breaking there, introduces that choice and rare feature in a 
landscape, an ocean horizon. There the sun goes down in his glory, 
and the silent stars sink beneath the wave. Y'onder, far out at sea, 
you get a glimpse of the Farallones Islands. Tracing the horizon line 
northward still, you find it rise abruptly to the lofty bights of old Ta- 
malpais, a grand and imposing feature in the view, and passing with a 



20 

varied and broken mountain outline behind our rich northern valleys, 
cut off by the projections of the nearer hills on the right. 

Such a number and variety of objects of interest can be found 
grouped in no other landscape in this vicinity, and is rarely to be met 
with in any country. So testify many gentlemen of extensive travel, 
both home and foreign, who have visited the place. And what is more, 
the desirable excellencies of climate are found here, in an eminent de- 
gree. This fine scenery can be enjoyed in a temperature not less ex- 
cellent. The chilling winds of summer do not reach this spot. The 
cold ocean currents pass in other directions. They sweep up the bay, 
and down the bay, sometimes tracing their cold courses by the banks 
of fog which they bear along with them, but they leave the vicinity 
we are speaking of with a calm, temperate, bracing air. This may 
seem unaccountable to many, and hardly to be believed, but the fact 
is obvious to all who visit the grounds in summer. So also testify 
those who have lived near for years. Just here, they all assure us, the 
air is calm and agreeable, when the wind is agitating the bay, and 
whirling the dust in clouds through the streets of San Francisco. To 
the same fact of absence of wind, the trees in the vicinity, standing as 
they do, erect, and symmetrical, bear a testimony that cannot be doubt- 
ed. So much can hardly be said of any other spot within fifty miles 
of San Francisco. This exemption from wind is not experienced as 
you pass far either way from these grounds. It is only there, or near 
there, that, owing to the configuration of the hills in the rear, or some 
other cause, this protection from the summer ocean wind is enjoyed. 

The surface of these grounds is diversified, the general slope being 
westward toward the bay ; but the whole is undulating, broken into 
gentle elevations and corresponding depressions, finely adapted to the 
proper grouping of the necessary buildings that will be ultimately re- 
quired by the College. 

The soil is fertile, producing well under any fair cultivation, but is 
yet gravelly to the extent that it does not dissolve into adhesive mud 
under the rains of winter. 

Through these grounds runs the winding course of a stream of water. 
The stream flows freely the whole way during the wet season. Its 
sources are in the hills, where they flow the year through. Even in 
October, of this dryest of dry years, 1864, they were yielding, by actual 
measurement, over one hundred thousand gallons a day. But this 
supply of water, ample as it will be for years to come, can be increased 
whenever there is a demand for more. According to the Engineer's 
report, the watershed pouring its tribute of winter rains into our ra- 



21 

vines, is eo extensive, that by constructing a dam, which can be easily 
built, a hundred millions of gallons of water may be collected in a 
reservoir from our average winter rain-fall every year. 

But the first thing that ought to be done, and that without any delay, 
is the planting of trees and shrubs abou; these springs. All experi- 
ence attests that the flow of springs is greatly increased by this simple 
means. There is, therefore, no fear of exhausting the supply of water 
that can be furnished from these hills and springs. The elevation of 
this water is such, that when it is conducted down to the place of dis- 
tribution, it may be led through all buildings, or along the hillsides, or 
thrown about in jets and fountains wherever desired. All the other 
striking advantages of this location could not make it a place fit to be 
chosen as the College Home, without this water. With it, every ex- 
cellence is of double value. Therefore it has always been foreseen 
that it would be necessary, without fail, sooner or later, for the College 
to become the owner of this water, and the hill land in which are its 
sources. The course of this stream, as it winds through the selected 
College grounds, is thickly bordered with trees. They are oak, syca- 
more and bay chiefly, together with an undergrowth of tangled shrub- 
bery. The trees are ever green, so that during the long dry season, 
when the hills and surrounding plains are brown with their annual 
ripeness, they encircle this location with a perpetual and refreshing 
green. This was one of the marked features of the place that first 
attracted attention to the spot. 

It was about eight years ago, after the thorough search before de- 
scribed, for the best climate and location in California for a College, 
that this spot was chosen by the unanimous vote of the Board of Trus- 
tees. The natural boundaries were traced around the grounds deemed 
necessary to the purpose, iucluding of course, both banks of the ravine, 
and all the trees on both sides, together with the choicest swells of 
ground for buildings, measuring in all about one hundred and twenty- 
four acres. 

Then came the long and doubtful work of obtaining titles and agree- 
ing upon prices and terms of payment, with as many as seven or eight 
different owners, all of which was at last accomplished. Then the 
grounds were taken into possession, all the titles covering them having 
been secured, and a fence built around the whole. And so it was set 
apart to the future uses of the College, an ample domain consecrated 
to the uses of learning and religion. 

At this point commences the history of a recent and important move- 
ment in behalf of the College which it will be the object of the next 
paper to describe. 



22 



Paper No. III. 

THE COLLEGE HOMESTEAD ASSOCIATION — ITS ORGANIZATION AND 

ADVANTAGES. 

As before remarked, it has all along been evident that it would be 
indispensable for the College to own the water from its sources through- 
out, otherwise the institution could not be sure of enjoying its advant- 
ages free from disturbance. Last summer the whole tract of land, con- 
taining these springs and this stream, was offered for sale, and the 
owner was determined to dispose of it. Of course, the College had to 
become the purchaser, so as to possess the water-right, and be able to 
retain so much of the land as is necessary to the complete enjoyment 
of it; In doing so it was necessary to enter upon a plan of consider- 
able magnitude, and secure by means of it, several other important 
advantages, together with the water. Such facts as these, for exam- 
ple, seemed to foreshadow the outlines of what the plan should be. 
In a few years at farthest, the College will remove^^to its permanent 
site. When it does so, and erects its buildings, and improves its grounds, 
it will create a new value on all the surrounding land. Obviously, it 
ought, if possible to share at least, in the benefits arising from this in- 
crease in value which itself produces. When it removes to its new 
home, it will need neighbors, and a plan that tends to increase the set- 
tlement in the vicinity, of the right kind of population, is very impor- 
tant to the College. 

The ground around the College Park is admirably suited to division 
into homestead lots, and a considerable portion of the land purchased 
in connection with the water, adjoins this Park on the eastern side. 
On inquiry, it was found that other land, beautifully situated on the 
south and west sides could be joined with this, and all be laid off into 
lots of suitable size for elegant country residences. 

All the fine points that render the College site so valuable and at- 
tractive, make its immediate vicinity equally so for residences. 

These things seemed to point to the possibility of forming a Home- 
stead Association, disposing of a portion of these lands in lots of suita- 
ble size to friends of the College, and while giving them the full value 
of their money in land, realize means to complete the payment of the 
purchase money, improve the College grounds, and erect the first build- 
ings thereon. The plan was carefully formed and finally entered upon. 

The purchase of the land first mentioned was made, and the springs 
and entire water-right were secured. The land suitable for homestead 
lots, was tastefully laid off with streets and avenues, each lot containing 



23 

something over an acre, being a little less in size than the blocks in the 
City of Oakland. A share in the Homestead Association entitles the 
owner to one of these lots, and is paid for in twenty monthly install- 
ments, of twenty-five dollars each, amounting to five hundred dollars in 
all. Every such lot possesses all the advantages of location, before 
described as pertaining to the College site, such as climate, soil, view, 
elevation, and exemption from summer wind. Upon each one the wa- 
ter can be brought and distributed for all the purposes of cultivation 
and improvement. The water itself is soft and pure, and therefore 
well suited for domestic uses. It. needs nothing but the flow of this 
water to render it easy to ornament these lots to the very highest de- 
gree. In a climate so mild, and on a spot so beautifully located, with 
this great advantage added, all the essential conditions are supplied for 
the gratification of a refined and cultivated taste. And it is one of the 
most important considerations that the society which will be gathered 
here will be mainly such as is attracted by the associations and advant- 
ages of the College itself. 

The intrinsic value, therefore of these lots is such as strongly to re- 
commend them for purchase, even as an investment. And this value 
will be increased in the use of the money paid for them, for with it, 
the Trustees will commence to improve their own grounds, and accu- 
mulate a fund with which to erect buildings. These improvements, 
as soon as they are in progress will enhance the value of the lots pur- 
chased. Already the beginning of this enterprise has hastened the 
opening of county roads through the valley, which will be worked dur- 
ing the rainy season, and will furnish fine drives towards Oakland and 
toward the bay. This is but the beginning, and it will be followed by 
the running of the omnibus, and by the cars upon the railway. 

So much may be said of the enterprise in the interest of the pur- 
chasers of these lots. 

On the part of the College, its advantages are very great. The im- 
portance of the ownership of the water has been alluded to, but it 
deserves a more extended description. 

It may be taken at the springs, and at a small expense brought 
downward and poured into a reservoir located at the proper elevation, 
and thence furnished, through pipes, to the College, and to all who de- 
sire to obtain it upon their grounds, or in their buildings. 

The College will therefore enjoy its use in the ornamentation of its 
grounds, and derive to its treasury an income from those who receive 
it for private use, according to the quantity consumed. 

As settlement increases, and of course the demand for this water 



24 

with it, the revenue to the institution will become more and more con- 
siderable. It will not be many years before it will prove to be an 
important item in the endowment of the College. 

Beside the water, there will be left no inconsiderable quantity of 
land unsold, after all the homestead lots are disposed of in pursuance 
of the scheme now in progress. This land, is, much of it, very choice, 
and when divided and sold, after contemplated improvements are well 
in progress, will produce in all probability, an amount sufficient to ena- 
ble the College to erect its first permanent buildings. This calculation 
is based on a moderate estimate of the prospective increase in value 
of the lands in question. If a railroad should come to traverse the val- 
ley in the mean time, a far greater sum will be likely to be realized. 

And it is to be said just here, that even now, plans are well nigh 
matured for the building of such a road, and according to present ap- 
pearances, it will be completed, and in running order by the time the 
period of twenty months expires, through which the payments for these 
homestead lots extend. 

When this shall be accomplished the distance from San Francisco 
will be no obstacle to any business man having his residence near the 
College. Then the rare advantages here combined will attract large 
numbers to enjoy a residence on this spot. The old prejudice against 
crossing the bay daily, to and from San Francisco, is rapidly passing 
away, .and will soon be quite gone. There are not half a dozen days 
in the year when the water is rough enough to make it disagreeable, 
and in all ordinary weather, it is the most pleasant mode of travel out- 
ward from this city. The man of business comes aboard the boat at 
San Francisco after business hours, and sits down, comfortable, and at 
rest in a clean, airy, roomy saloon to read his evening paper. By the 
time it is read, he is across the bay, ready to enjoy socially his home. 
And he finds this home not like the place he has left, exposed to chill, 
and wind, and fog, but in a warm summer air, in which he can linger 
in comfort and safety, with his children, till nightfall. In the morning^ 
at such an hour as he chooses, he takes his seat in the cars, or on board 
the boat, and no sooner is he possessed of the morning's news, than he 
is at the city landing, and finds himself at his business as early as his 
neighbors. 

But it is not alone to the residents of San Francisco that those 
grounds are valuable for purchase. There are large numbers of people 
in various parts of the country who intend, by and by, to remove to the 
neighborhood of San Francisco to reside. They wish for a choice 
location for a home, where they may enjoy the fruits of a life of enter- 



25 

prise and toil. To such, the grounds above described offer very great 
attractions. A visit to them, especially on a pleasant day, is all that is 
necessary to convince any one of this. Let all who would satisfy 
themselves upon this point, by their own observation, go and see. 

The superior climatic advantages of a residence on the eastern side 
of the bay are only beginning to be learned. They are great and nu- 
merous, and will rapidly dissipate the old prejudices against crossing the 
water. It is easy to foresee that large numbers of people will seek relief 
from the dust and wind of San Francisco, and also from the exhaust- 
ing heats of our interior valleys and mountains, and build them homes 
along these sunny slopes, in what may be called our foot-hill climate, 
where they may enjoy a pure and temperate air, and be surrounded 
by verdure, fruits and flowers. The drift of our home-seeking popula- 
tion is decidedly this way, and it is to be noticed that those who come 
seldom return ; the attractions that bring them to the# country hold 
them. 

And so the College, on its new ground, is not likely to suffer from 
loneliness, nor will our proposed town lack inhabitants. 

It should also be said, that no time ought to be lost in preparing the 
way for removing the College to its permanent home. Its present 
quarters in the City of Oakland are too strait for it. The Preparatory 
Department or Academy, was commenced something over ten years 
ago. This Department has already grown so fast that it crowds the 
College, which is located at present on the same square, and often dis- 
turbs its exercises. As pupils increase — and the number is larger 
evei^ term — this close contact of the two institutions will become more 
inconvenient, and the evil can only be remedied by the removal of the 
College to the permanent site prepared for it. 

The sale of these homestead lots will open the way for the removal 
and the opening of the College on the ground where we hope it will 
remain and flourish to the end of time. 



Paper No. IV. 

ENDOWMENTS. 

The greatest and most important question, after all, in the establish- 
ment of a College, is that of endowment. A large amount of means 
must be had, or no such undertaking can succeed. All colleges are 
supported by the income of invested funds. Their tuition receipts are 
always small, compared with their expenses. The charges for instruc- 



26 

tion are placed far below the cost, in order that as many youth as pos- 
sible may have the opportunity of obtaining a public education. There- 
fore those Colleges that take a high rank are enabled to do so by the 
generosity of the endowment given to them. Any community that 
wants its College to be of the first-class must give it the means to 
become so. Its rank will certainly be in proportion to its means. If 
these are stinted and uncertain, they will not command first-class talent 
in the chairs of instruction, or the best facilities of an education in any 
respect. If such talent is enlisted at first, by way of experiment, it will 
drop out and be lost. It will follow the certainty of an adequate sup- 
port, and leave the institution to poverty in learning, as well as pov- 
erty in income. 

The spirit of the times is wonderfully in favor of amply endowing 
the Colleges. Never before was it known to be so much so. Where 
the influence^ of these institutions is most felt, and their great value 
most appreciated, there money is given to them most freely. The 
record of donations to Colleges for ihe last year is a striking testimony 
to the truth of what we are saying. We find a list of them published 
in a late Eastern paper, as follows : 

Bowdoin College, Maine, has received $72,000, of which $50,000 
were in one donation. 

Dartmouth College, N. H., has received $47,000. 

Middlebury College, Vt., has received $10,000 from a legacy. 

Williams College has received $25,000 in one donation. 

Amherst College has received more than $100,000 in sums of 
$60,000, $30,000, and $20,000 each. 

Harvard has received a bequest of $44,000. • 

Andover Theological Seminary has received $50,000, of which 
$30,000 were from one firm. 
' Trinity College, Hartford, Ct., has received nearly $100,000. 

Yale College has received (including $135,000 from the U. S. Gov- 
ernment for its agricultural school) the magnificent sum of $450,000 ! 
to which perhaps $100,000 will probably soon be added. The report 
states that of the portion already paid the following sums have been 
given by individals in single donations, viz., $85,000, $50,000, $30,000, 
$27,000, $25,000, $20,000, $12,000. 

New York University has received $60,000. 

Hamilton College over $100,000. 

Eutger's College, N. J., has received $100,000. 

Princeton College, N. J., $130,000, of which $30,000 is in a single 
donation. 

Washington University, St. Louis, $50,000 in two donations of 
$25,000 each — one from New York, the other from Boston. 

Chicago Theological Seminary has received $80,000. 

Protestant College in Syria, $103,000. 



27 

If money is given to the Colleges with this open-handed generosity 
in the older States, where the amplest endowments have been enjoyed 
for generations past, how much more reason is there for its being given 
freely in new States where all things have to be commenced from the 
very beginning ! With the older States, it is a question merely of 
advancement and improvement in the Colleges. With the new, it is a 
question of their existence. With them it is to be determined by 
public-spirited citizens, whether such institutions shall be founded, and 
be furnished with the means to come forward, and do well their work, 
train the youth to a manly, thorough scholarship, or whether they shall 
be left to starve out a narrow and precarious existence at the very 
time they are most needed. 

And the circumstances under which this generosity is shown to the 
Colleges adds greatly to its significance. It is in the midst of unprece- 
dented taxation, and along side of the munificent contributions in behalf 
of the soldiers, and in connection with the ordinary support of the great 
leading objects of benevolence. In such a time, and in the midst of 
such unprecedented calls for money, the citizens of the most enlightened 
parts of the country have given, according to the above list alone, a 
million three hundred thousand dollars to endow their Colleges ! 

Now, the question keeps arising as we pen these lines, what will 
Calif ornia do in this matter'} California, inhabited by an unusually 
large proportion of educated men ; California, richer than any new State 
was ever before known to be ; California, already famous for her timely 
generosity to great and good objects ; California, far removed from all 
the old Colleges, and destitute of all College advantages, unless she 
builds her own ; California — we ask the question on New Year's Day, 
1865 — what will she do? 

We keep thinking of the noble example set her last year by her older 
sisters, and we wonder if this year she will worthily imitate them. We 
look out and see the rain falling, and think of the wealth of the open- 
ing year's harvests, of the ampler yield of our mines, of the profits of 
trade, and we wonder if the people will use of their income to endow 
learning, as their Eastern brethren do. We look at this young College, 
working hard and faithfully with its small means, and wonder whether 
California will obhge such an institution to wait a generation or two for 
its full and proper life, as some States inhabited by a less intelligent 
class of people have done, or whether she will give it the means to 
become in a very few years a well-endowed, well-instructed, well-fur- 
nished, first-class College. 

When men come here from the East, men who were our associates in 



28 

earlier years — when they have been here and traveled through our 
State, they return and report society here to be poor, and that learning 
is held in small respect. Whether this is a candid judgment now or 
not, things are surely tending that way, and a severer judgment will be 
passed by visitors from abroad, who travel here in the next generation. 

The question keeps arising, why should the intelligent, educated, 
public-spirited citizens of such a State as California consent to run 
down in intellect, lose standing among men no more than their equals 
in the other States and bring up a generation of youth here uncultiva- 
ted, and unprepared to stand upon an equality with other young men 
born and trained elsewhere ? Institutions of thorough culture and 
liberal learning will prevent this, but without them it cannot be pre- 
vented. And nothing is wanting to bring such institutions forward, and 
give them maturity, as it were in advance, but endowment. We can 
fill the chairs of instruction with as able men as any College possesses, 
and raise the standard of attainment among our young scholars fully as 
high as that reached in the oldest Colleges, and send out the elevating 
influence of sound and Christian learning through society, so that we 
shall not be ashamed of comparison with any other State, if only such 
men can be well supported. Will endowment be contributed to fur- 
nish such support ? 

If we refer to the last year's list of donations to Eastern colleges, as 
above given, we shall see that they were mostly contributed by indivi- 
dual citizens, and in large sums, such as twenty, thirty, fifty, sixty, or a 
hundred thousand dollars each. And this raises the reasonable ques- 
tion, are there not citizens of like spirit in California, of like respect 
for learning, and like generosity in promoting it ? Did all such men 
stay behind when the emigration took place to this State, and do they 
all live in the old homes, and are none of them here ? 

The plan of the College Homestead Association was formed for the 
purpose of increasing the funds of this College. It needs only to be 
carried out to realize all, and more than all that was anticipated. But 
this requires no contributions. It asks citizens to buy land at a fair 
price and gives them a clear title. This is all very good, so far as it 
goes — but it amounts to only the beginning of the needed endowment. 
We may possibly get on with temporary subscriptions for a year or 
two, but the College cannot answer the expectations justly raised by its 
very existence without endowments, such as other Colleges receive. 
The College asks attention to these things. It asks of the educated 
men scattered all over the State, that they will speak and act in favor 
of College education, and inspire young men to pursue a thorough 



29 

course of liberal learning. It asks of men of wealth donations and 
bequests, such as they may be pleased to have connected with their 
names, as indicating their appreciation of learning, and its relation to 
the public good. And, speaking of bequests, reminds us to say, that 
those who intend to remember the College in their wills, cannot do it 
too soon. We have known several instances in which persons fully 
intended to make bequests to the College, and who were studying their 
affairs to determine the amount they would give, and who were taken 
suddenly away before their purpose was accomplished. Others have 
drawn their wills, and have very generously remembered the College in 
them. They are public-spirited and excellent men, and it is devoutly 
to be wished that they may live long to enjoy their wealth and benefit 
society. And it may be hoped, too, that they may see fit to execute 
their own wills, so' far as the College is concerned, and themselves 
enjoy the pleasure of seeing the beneficent uses and results of their 
generosity. Merchants have very largely endowed our best Col- 
leges. Will not merchants do likewise here, and thus show that they 
are not less forethoughtful of the public good, not less generous, and 
not less appreciative of the high value of sound learning than are the 
merchants conducting the commerce of the Atlantic cities ? 

The writer of these articles would be glad to correspond with any 
gentlemen who take special interest in this subject. To any who are 
inclined to inquire more particularly into the plans and condition of 
the College, having in view the making of donations to it, he would be 
glad by correspondence or by personal interview to make known all 
the facts of the case. 



:Sr,v. 



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